Search results for "maaperän saastuminen"
showing 6 items of 6 documents
Toxicity of binary mixtures of Cu, Cr and As to the earthworm Eisenia andrei
2020
AbstractChromated copper arsenate (CCA) mixtures were used in the past for wood preservation, leading to large scale soil contamination. This study aimed at contributing to the risk assessment of CCA-contaminated soils by assessing the toxicity of binary mixtures of copper, chromium and arsenic to the earthworm Eisenia andrei in OECD artificial soil. Mixture effects were related to reference models of Concentration Addition (CA) and Independent Action (IA) using the MIXTOX model, with effects being related to total and available (H2O and 0.01 M CaCl2 extractable) concentrations in the soil. Since only in mixtures with arsenic dose-related mortality occurred (LC50 92.5 mg/kg dry soil), it wa…
An uptake and elimination kinetics approach to assess the bioavailability of chromium, copper, and arsenic to earthworms (Eisenia andrei) in contamin…
2019
The aim of this study was to determine the bioavailability of metals in field soils contaminated with chromated copper arsenate (CCA) mixtures. The uptake and elimination kinetics of chromium, copper, and arsenic were assessed in the earthworm Eisenia andrei exposed to soils from a gradient of CCA wood preservative contamination near Hartola, Finland. In soils contaminated with 1480–1590 mg Cr/kg dry soil, 642–791 mg Cu/kg dry soil, and 850–2810 mg Ag/kg dry soil, uptake and elimination kinetics patterns were similar for Cr and Cu. Both metals were rapidly taken up and rapidly excreted by Eisenia andrei with equilibrium reached within 1 day. The metalloid As, however, showed very slow uptak…
Genetic diversity of a clonal earthworm : gene expression variation and impacts on decomposition in metal contaminated soil
2016
Biodiversity affects ecosystem functioning positively. Metal-contamination diminishes species diversity and ecosystem function depends on the remaining species, and the genotypes within them. I studied how the clonally reproducing earthworm Dendrobaena octaedra responds to soil metal contamination and how its genetic diversity affects decomposition. Expression of the gene for the metal tolerance protein metallothionein was compared between populations with or without metal exposure history: with exposure history expression was high and stable and without there was a slow response. Adaptation to metal contamination likely explains the differences. Clonality of D. octaedra was verified with m…
Earthworm responses to metal contamination : tools for soil quality assessment
2004
Tuomas Lukkari tutki väitöstyössään kuinka haitta-aineet, esimerkkinä metallit, vaikuttavat ympäristöömme ja sen eliöihin. Lukkari selvitti lieroista mitattavien muuttujien avulla, kuinka haitallisia metallit ovat ja miten haitallisuutta olisi hyvä arvioida. Lierot ovat monien maaekosysteemien avaineliöryhmiä ja altistuvat maahan päätyville haitallisille aineille sekä ravinnon että suoraan ihokontaktin kautta. Useimpien haitta-aineiden pitoisuudet ovat mitattavissa lierojen kehosta, mikä antaa tietoa todellisesta altistuksesta ja aineiden kertymistaipumuksesta. Responses of earthworms to soil metal contamination were studied in field and laboratory experiments. In the field, earthworm commu…
Soil processes are constituents of planetary well-being
2024
Soils play multiple roles in vital ecosystem processes, even though they form only a thin layer between Earth’s atmosphere and lithosphere. Soils are reservoirs of carbon, most nutrients and fresh water while acting as a substrate for plants, a site for decomposition processes, and a sink for harmful substances. The decomposition of dead organic matter and the associated recycling of nutrients are a prerequisite for photosynthesis by green plants and, therefore, for all life forms on Earth. Without healthy soils, the integrity of the Earth system cannot be maintained in the future. Soils are highly diverse habitats, inhabited by both structurally and functionally diversified organisms. Howe…
Exposure assessment of animals to sediments contaminated by pulp and paper mills
2007
Sellu- ja paperiteollisuuden jätevesillä on haittavaikutuksia kaloihin ja muihin vesieläimiin vielä senkin jälkeen, kun vierasaineet ovat hautautuneet vesistön pohjaan osaksi sedimenttiä eli järven pohjaan kerrostunutta ainesta. Vierasaineet voivat vapautua takaisin eliöille saatavaan muotoon, jos vesi sekoittuu voimakkaasti esimerkiksi ruoppauksen tai rajujen myrskyjen yhteydessä. Myös sedimentissä asustaviin pohjaeläimiin kertyy sellu- ja paperiteollisuuden vierasaineita. FM Päivi Meriläinen tutki väitöskirjassaan sellu- ja paperiteollisuuden saastuttamien sedimenttien altistamia vesieläimiä Etelä-Saimaan alueella. Sellu- ja paperiteollisuuden jätevesien haittavaikutuksia kaloihin ja muih…